he played the ball inside

1) (internal side) Innenseite, die

2) (inner part) Innere, das

3) in sing. or pl. (coll.): (stomach and bowels) Eingeweide Pl.; Innere, das

4)

1) (on or in the inside) innen; (to the inside) nach innen hinein/herein; (indoors) drinnen

2) (sl.): (in prison)

1) (on inner side of) [innen] in (+ Dat.); (with direction) in (+ Akk.) hinein

2) (in less than)

* * *

1) (the inner side, or the part or space within: The inside of this apple is quite rotten.) das Innere

2) (the stomach and bowels: He ate too much and got a pain in his inside(s).) die Eingeweide(pl.)

1) (to, in, or on, the inside: The door was open and he went inside; She shut the door but left her key inside by mistake.) innen

2) (in a house or building: You should stay inside in such bad weather.) innen

1) ((sometimes (especially American) with of) within; to or on the inside of: She is inside the house; He went inside the shop.) im Innern

2) ((sometimes with of) in less than, or within, a certain time: He finished the work inside (of) two days.) innerhalb

•

- academic.ru/103632/inside_out">inside out

* * *

I. n

1. no pl (interior) Innere nt

shall I clean the \inside of the car? soll ich das Auto innen putzen?

from/to the \inside von/nach innen

on the \inside innen

2. (inner side) of hand, door etc Innenseite f; (inner lane) Innenspur f; SPORT Innenbahn f

3. ( fam: in organization)

someone on the \inside ein Insider m/eine Insiderin

4. ( fam: viscera)

▪ \insides pl Innereien pl usu hum fam

5. (mind)

▪ on the \inside innerlich

who knows what she was feeling on the \inside wer weiß, wie es in ihr aussah

6. ( fam: information)

to have the \inside on sth vertrauliche Information[en] [o Insiderinformation[en]] über etw akk haben

II. adv inv

1. (in interior) innen

2. (indoors) drinnen; (into) hinein/herein; (into the house) ins Haus

3. ( fig: in oneself) im Inneren

deep \inside tief im Inneren

4. ( fam: in prison) hinter Gittern fam

he's \inside for armed robbery er sitzt wegen bewaffnetem Raubüberfall fam

to put sb \inside jdn hinter Gitter bringen fam, jdn einlochen sl

III. adj attr, inv

1. (inner) Innen-, innere(r, s)

the \inside front/back cover die vordere/hintere Innenseite des Umschlags

2. (indoor) Innen-

\inside toilets Innentoiletten pl

IV. prep

▪ \inside sth (moving into) in etw akk [hinein]; (situated in) in etw dat, innerhalb einer S. gen

2. (less than)

▪ \inside [or ( fam)\inside of] sth innerhalb einer S. gen, binnen etw dat

he finished it \inside two hours er war in weniger als zwei Stunden damit fertig

to be \inside the record unter der Rekordzeit liegen

3. (of sensations)

▪ \inside [or ( fam)\inside of] sb/one in jdm/sich

she felt a stirring \inside her etwas regte sich in ihr

* * *

1. n

1) Innere(s) nt; (of pavement) Innenseite f

2)

3) (inf = stomach also insides) Eingeweide nt, Innere(s) nt

2. adj

3. adv

4. prep (esp US also inside of)

1) (place) innen in (+dat); (direction) in (+acc)... (hinein)

2) (time) innerhalb

* * *

inside [ˌınˈsaıd; ˈınsaıd]

A s

1. Innenseite f, -fläche f, innere Seite:

on the inside innen ( → A 2);

inside of the post SPORT Innenpfosten m

2. (das) Innere:

from the inside von innen;

inside out das Innere oder die Innenseite nach außen (gekehrt), verkehrt, umgestülpt;

he was wearing his pullover inside out er hatte seinen Pullover links an;

a) etwas umdrehen oder umstülpen,

b) fig etwas (völlig) umkrempeln oder auf den Kopf stellen;

know sth inside out etwas in- und auswendig kennen;

on the inside eingeweiht ( → A 1);

sb on the inside ein Insider, ein Eingeweihter

3. Häuserseite f (eines Radwegs etc)

4. fig inneres Wesen, (das) Innerste oder Wesentliche:

look into the inside of sth etwas gründlich untersuchen

5. meist pl umg Eingeweide pl, besonders Magen m, Bauch m:

a pain in one’s insides Bauchschmerzen pl

6. Mitte f:

the inside of a week die Wochenmitte

7. umg Insiderinformationen pl, interne oder vertrauliche Informationen pl ( alle:

on über akk)

B adj [ meist ˈınsaıd]

1. im Innern (befindlich), inner(er, e, es), Innen…, inwendig:

inside cal(l)iper TECH Lochzirkel m;

inside diameter Innendurchmesser m, lichte Weite;

inside broker WIRTSCH Br amtlich zugelassener Makler;

inside finish ARCH US Ausbau m;

inside lane SPORT Innenbahn f;

in the inside lane auf der Innenbahn;

inside left (right) (Fußball, Hockey) HIST Halblinke(r) m (Halbrechte[r] m);

push sth onto the inside pages etwas von den Titelseiten verdrängen;

inside pocket Innentasche f;

inside ski Innenski m;

a) Radsport, Eisschnelllauf: Innenbahn f,

b) fig US Vorteil m, günstige (Ausgangs)Position;

have the inside track on sb jemandem gegenüber im Vorteil sein

2. im Hause beschäftigt

3. im Hause getan (Arbeit)

4. intern, vertraulich:

inside information (umg stuff) → A 7;

it was an inside job umg

a) das Ding wurde von Insidern gedreht,

b) an dem Ding waren Insider beteiligt;

inside man US (in eine Organisation) eingeschleuster Mann, Spitzel m; → dope A 7 a

C adv [ˌınˈsaıd]

1. im Inner(e)n, (dr)innen:

be inside umg sitzen ( for wegen)

2. ins Innere, nach innen, hinein, herein

3. Br unten (in einem Doppelstockbus)

4. inside of

a) innerhalb (gen):

inside of a week innerhalb einer Woche

b) US → D

5. (von) innen, an der Innenseite:

painted red inside innen rot gestrichen

D präp [ˌınˈsaıd] innerhalb, im Inner(e)n (gen):

inside the house im Hause

* * *

1) (internal side) Innenseite, die

2) (inner part) Innere, das

3) in sing. or pl. (coll.): (stomach and bowels) Eingeweide Pl.; Innere, das

4)

1) (on or in the inside) innen; (to the inside) nach innen hinein/herein; (indoors) drinnen

2) (sl.): (in prison)

1) (on inner side of) [innen] in (+ Dat.); (with direction) in (+ Akk.) hinein

2) (in less than)

* * *

inneres adj.

inwendig adj. adv.

drin adv.

innen adv.

innerhalb adv. n.

Innere n. prep.

im Innern ausdr.

abs

1) children like to play дети любят играть /резвиться/; run away and play! беги играй!; he would rather play [than work] он предпочитает развлекаться [, а не работать]; can he come out to play? он выйдет играть?

2) the band (the organ, the flute, etc.) is playing играет оркестр и т.д.; the music began to play заиграла музыка

3) the fountains were playing били фонтаны

1) play in some manner play well (badly, poorly, skilfully, cunningly, absent-mindedly, etc.) хороню и т.д. играть /вести игру/; play fair /square/ играть честно, вести честную игру; play foul /false/ жульничать, обманывать, играть нечестно; play fast and loose вести нечестную игру; play high а) ходить с крупной карты; б) делать большие ставки, играть по большей

2) play in some manner the piece (the drama, this script, etc.) will play well эта пьеса и т.д. сценична /выигрышна для постановки/; the lawn (the stadium, etc.) plays well на этой площадке и т.д. хорошо играть; play at some time what films are playing just now? какие сейчас идут фильмы?

3) play in some manner play softly (well, magnificently. melodiously, exquisitely, etc.) a) играть тихо и т.д.; б) звучать тихо и т.д.; the radio was playing too loudly радио было включено на большую громкость

1) play smth., smb. play school (shops, house, soldiers, doctors and nurses, cowboys and Indians, etc.) играть в школу и т.д.; play ball играть в мяч; the children were playing a noisy game дети затеяли какую-то шумную игру

2) play smth., smb. play tennis (football, cricket, golf, etc.) играть в теннис и т.д.; play a good (a poor) game быть хорошим (плохим) игроком; he plays a good game of tennis он хорошо играет в теннис; play a safe /а winning/ game играть наверняка; play a losing game вести безнадежную игру; play a waiting game занимать выжидательную позицию, тянуть время; play a double game вести двойную игру, двурушничать; play a match провести матч; when are we going to play their team? когда мы будем играть с их командой /выступать против их команды/?; he will play left end он будет [играть] крайним левым

3) play smth., smb. play a pawn сыграть /сделать ход, ходить/ пешкой: play horses играть на скачках; play a horse (подставить на лошадь; play a card а) пойти /сделать ход/ картой; б) поставить на карту; play a wrong card а) сделать неверный ход (при игре в карты), б) сделать ложный шаг, совершить ошибку; play one's highest /best/ card а) пойти с самой крупной карты; б) использовать свой самый сильный козырь, бить наверняка; play one's ten of hearts (one's ace of hearts, etc.) ходить с десятки /десяткой/ червей и т.д.; play one's last card пустить в ход последний козырь, использовать последний шанс

4) play smth., smb. play a comedy (a tragedy, a historical play. The Twelfth Night, etc.) играть /исполнять/ комедию и т.д.; play a part (a leading part, the part of a king, the role of a benefactor, Hamlet, Shylock, etc.) играть роль и т.д.; who is going to play Lady Macbeth кто будет играть леди Макбет?; play large houses (the principal cities, the larger cities, etc.) выступать /играть/ в больших театрах и т.д.

5) play smb., smth. play the host (the hostess) выступать в роли хозяина (хозяйки); play the master хозяйничать, распоряжаться; play the man поступать как подобает мужчине; play the baby ребячиться, прикидываться младенцем; play the fool /the idiot, the ass/ валять дурака, глупо вести /держать/ себя; play the ape обезьянничать, передразнивать; play an important part играть важную роль

6) play smth. play the violin (the flute, the piano, the drums, etc.) играть на скрипке и т.д.; play a melody (an air, a concerto, a march, a Beethoven sonata, a piece of music, etc.) играть мелодию и т.д.; play the gramophone ставить пластинки

1) play smth. in some manner noisily (quietly, etc.) play hide-and-seek (cowboys and Indians, etc.) шумно и т.д. играть в прятки и т.д.

2) play smth. in some manner play tennis (football, etc.) well (skilfully, clumsily, absent-mindedly, etc.) хорошо и т.д. играть в теннис и т.д.

3) play smth. in some manner play one's cards well (badly) a) пойти (не)правильно (при игре в карты); б) (не) воспользоваться обстоятельствами

4) play smth., smb. in some manner play one's part (Hamlet, etc.) well (wonderfully, masterly, etc.) хороню и т.д. играть свою роль и т.д.

5) play smth. in some manner play music softly (delicately, loudly, too low, etc.) тихо и т.д. играть (на музыкальном инструменте); she plays Mozart well она хорошо исполняет /играет/ Моцарта; play smth. for some time she plays her radio all day long у нее весь день включено радио

1) be played in some manner this is not how the name is played в эту игру не так играют; be played with smb. he is not a man to be played with с ним шутки плохи

2) be played for the world championship in tennis is played for разыгрывается мировой чемпионат по теннису; be played at some time the match is to be played on Monday матч состоится в понедельник

3) be played an old comedy is being played идет старая комедия

1) play with smb., smth. play with his brothers (with one's playmates, with a child, with other children, with a kitten, with sticks and rags, etc.) играть со своими братьями и т.д.; play with one's doll играть в куклы; play with toys играть в игрушки; play with its tail ловить свой хвост; don't play with matches не балуйся со спичками; play at smth. play at hide-and-seek (at marbles, at leap-frog, at blind-man's buff, at robbers, at soldiers, etc.) играть в прятки и т.д.; what do you think you are playing at? ты хоть понимаешь, какую игру ты затеял /что ты делаешь/ ?; play at some time play from morning till night играть с утра до вечера; play by oneself my little daughter will play by herself for hours моя дочурка часами играет /забавляется/ одна; play in (inside, on, etc.) smth. play in the park (inside the yard, outside the school, in the water in the sand, on the beach, etc.) играть /забавляться, резвиться/ в парке и т.д.; the butterflies were playing in the air бабочки порхали в воздухе; bees play among flowers пчелы кружатся среди цветов; the moonlight (the sunlight, the first rays of the rising sun, the searchlight, etc.) played on the water свет луны и т.д. переливался в воде; dust (sand, etc.) is playing in the sunbeams пылинки и т.д. кружатся /мелькают/ в солнечных лучах; the wind plays in the trees ветер шелестит листвой [деревьев]; the wind plays through her hair ветер развевает ее волосы; fountain played in the air струйки фонтана переливались в воздухе; the lights played strangely over the faces of the actors по лицам актеров пробегали причудливые тени; а smile played on /about/ her lips у нее на губах играла улыбка || play by turns /in turn/ играть по очереди

2) play with smth. play with one's stick (with one's fan, etc.) вертеть палку, поигрывать палкой и т.д., don't play with your health не шутите своим здоровьем; play with the idea of going to Australia подумывать о поездке в Австралию; play with words играть словами; play with fire играть с огнем; play with love (with a woman's affection, etc.) шутить с любовью и т.д., несерьезно относиться к любви и т.д.; play (up)on smth. play upon smb.'s feelings (on smb.'s fears, on smb.'s credulity, upon ignorant people's superstitions, etc.) играть на чьих-л. чувствах и т.д.; I played upon his love of flattery я использовал его любовь к лести || play into smb.'s hands сыграть кому-л. на руку

3) play at smth. play at football (at games, at table tennis, at baseball, at billiards, at cricket, etc.) играть в футбол и т.д.; play for smth. play for one's city (for one's school, etc.) играть за свой город и т.д., защищать честь своего города и т.д.; play for one's country играть в сборной страны; play with smth. play with both hands (with one's head, etc.) играть обеими руками и т.д.

4) play for smth. play for money (for a half-crown, for pleasure, for love, for nothing, etc.) играть на деньги и т.д., what stakes shall we play for? по скольку [мы] будем ставить?; play for time стараться выиграть /оттянуть/ время

5) play at /in/ smth. play at concerts (in the theatre, in theatricals, in a large hall, etc.) выступать на концертах и т.д.; play in a film играть /сниматься/ в кино; play at business (at love, etc.) притворяться, что заинтересован делом и т.д., разыгрывать из себя бизнесмена и т.д.; play to /before/ smb., smth. play to an enthusiastic audience (to empty houses, before a thin /poor/ house, before a sold-out house, etc.) выступать перед восторженными зрителями и т.д.; play [with an eye] to the gallery играть, подлаживаясь под вкусы галерки, искать дешевой популярности; with smth. play with animation (with much passion, with brilliancy, with much soul, etc.) играть живо или с подъемом и т.д.

6) play on smth. play on the piano (on the flute, on a mouth-organ, on many instruments, etc.) играть на фортепиано и т.д.; play at (by) smth. play at sight играть с листа; play by ear играть на слух; play to smth. play to smb.'s singing аккомпанировать чьему-л. пению; play for smb. aren't you going to play for us? вы нам не сыграете?

1) play smth. with smb. play hide-and-seek (ball, school, etc.) with the girls играть с девочками в прятки и т.д.; play smth. on smb. play a joke on smb. подшучивать над кем-л.; he played a [dirty] trick on me он сыграл со мной [злую] шутку

2) play smth. with smb. play football (tennis, draughts, etc.) with another team (with strong partners, etc.) играть в футбол и т.д. с другой командой и т.д.; play smb. at smth. play smb. at chess (at golf, at draughts, etc.) играть с кем-л. партию в шахматы и т.д.; will you play me at chess? вы сыграете со мной в шахматы?; play smb. for smth. play smb. for championship (for money, etc.) играть /состязаться/ с кем-л. на звание чемпиона и т.д.

3) play smth. on smth. play an air (a nice tune, etc.) on the flute (on the piano, on the violin, etc.) играть мелодию и т.д. на флейте и т.д.

4) play smth. (up)on smth. play a hose on a fire (a stream of water on a burning house, water on flames, a searchlight on the clouds, a searchlight upon a ship, coloured lights on a fountain, our guns on the enemy's lines, etc.) направлять брандспойт на огонь и т.д.

1) play [that...] play that they are pirates ([that] we are soldiers, etc.) играть в пираты и т.д.; play that the hammock is a boat представлять, что гамак это лодка (в игре)

2) play when... (until..., etc.) the teams have just started to play when it began to rain едва команды начали игру, как пошел дождь; he went on playing until he has lost everything он играл [до тех пор], пока все не проиграл /не спустил/

1 [u] gioco; modo di giocare: The children are at play, i bambini stanno giocando; the game and play of chess, il gioco degli scacchi e come giocarlo; the play of sunlight upon leaves, il gioco della luce del sole sulle foglie

2 [u] (mecc.) gioco: the excessive play of the bolts, il gioco eccessivo dei bulloni

3 (teatr.) lavoro teatrale; dramma; commedia: the plays of John Webster, i drammi di John Webster; to direct a play, dirigere un dramma; to perform a play, rappresentare un dramma; to produce (o to put on) a play, mettere in scena un dramma (o una commedia); The play fell flat, la commedia è stata un fiasco; We went to the play, siamo andati a teatro

4 [u] (mus.) esecuzione

5 mossa: It's your play, tocca a te giocare; sta a te muovere; a te la mossa

6 (fig.) attività; azione: to be in full play, essere in azione

7 ( sport) giocata; azione: attacking plays, azioni offensive

● (fig.) play-acting, commedia; finzione; melodramma (fig.) □ play-box, scatola per giocattoli □ ( radio, TV, USA) play-by-play commentary, radiocronaca; telecronaca; commento minuto per minuto □ play-day, giorno di vacanza ( da scuola) □ play-debt, debito di gioco □ ( USA) play dough, plastilina □ ( sport) play-off ► play-off □ a play on words, un gioco di parole □ play pool, piscina per giochi; piscinetta ( per bambini) □ play street, strada ( di città) chiusa al traffico per i giochi dei bambini □ (psic.) play therapy, terapia del gioco; ludoterapia □ to allow full play to one's restlessness, dare pieno sfogo alla propria irrequietezza □ as good as a play, divertentissimo □ to bring (o to call) into play, mettere in gioco; fare intervenire; mettere in azione □ to come into play, entrare in gioco (fig.); entrare in azione □ to give free play to one's imagination, dare (libero) sfogo alla propria fantasia □ in play, per gioco; per scherzo; per celia; ( sport: del pallone, della palla) in gioco □ ( sport) to make play, dar filo da torcere agli avversari □ (fam.) to make a play for, darsi da fare per, cercare di ottenere (qc.); manovrare per ( una nomina, ecc.); fare il filo a, stare dietro a (q.) □ ( sport: del pallone, della palla) out of play, non in gioco.

vc. verb.

(comput.) esegui!; riproduci! ( istruzione).

v. t. e i.

1 giocare ( anche sport); giocare a (o con); gareggiare; giocherellare; baloccarsi; gingillarsi; divertirsi; scherzare; trastullarsi: to play tennis, giocare a tennis; to play with a ball, giocare con una palla; ( sport) to play a beautiful game, giocare bene; fare un bel gioco; ( anche) fare dell'accademia; to play sb. at cards, giocare a carte con q.; Let's play cowboys, giochiamo ai cowboy!; Let's play at (being) redskins, giochiamo agli indiani!; to play a pawn, giocare (o muovere) un pedone (a scacchi); to play one's cards well [badly], giocare bene [male] le proprie carte ( anche fig.); to play with a bunch of keys, baloccarsi (o gingillarsi) con un mazzo di chiavi; (fig.) to play with fire, scherzare col fuoco

2 (fam.) giocare a essere; fare la parte di; far mostra; far finta: Jim played ski instructor, Jim faceva la parte del maestro di sci; to play innocent, recitare la parte dell'innocente

3 ( sport) effettuare, fare ( un tiro, ecc.): He wasn't sure which shot to play, era incerto su quale colpo effettuare

4 ( sport) far giocare; mettere in campo: The coach played Jones as goalkeeper, l'allenatore ha schierato Jones come portiere

5 ( sport: del terreno) essere adatto al gioco: This cricket pitch plays well, questo campo di cricket è adatto al gioco ( ci si gioca bene)

6 ( sport) giocare contro (q.); ospitare; battersi contro: Scotland were playing Wales, la Scozia ospitava il Galles; Will you play the challenger?, ti batterai contro lo sfidante?

7 (teatr.) recitare; rappresentare; interpretare, sostenere ( un ruolo); fare la parte di; fare ( una parte); ( di una commedia, ecc.) essere recitato; tenere il cartellone; ( di film) essere proiettato: to play King Lear, rappresentare il Re Lear; Mel Gibson plays Hamlet, Mel Gibson interpreta la parte di Amleto; to play one's part well, fare bene la propria parte ( anche fig.); A new movie is playing tonight, questa sera danno un film nuovo; to play opposite, recitare a fianco di ( una persona dell'altro sesso); avere (q.) come partner

8 (mus.) suonare; eseguire: to play the national anthem, suonare l'inno nazionale; to play by ear, suonare a orecchio; to play the violin, suonare il violino; DIALOGO → - Discussing music- They're playing the Forum on the 16th of December, suonano al Forum il 16 dicembre

9 ( video, TV, comput.) far girare; far vedere; proiettare; riprodurre

10 scherzare (poet.); muoversi qua e là; errare; ( del vento) soffiare: The moonlight was playing on the still waters of the lake, il chiaro di luna scherzava sulle acque tranquille del lago; A faint smile played on her lips, un lieve sorriso le errava sulle labbra (o le sfiorava le labbra)

11 (mecc.: di un pezzo) avere gioco: Pistons must play inside cylinders, i pistoni devono aver gioco dentro ai cilindri

12 ( di fontane) zampillare

13 dirigere, orientare ( un getto d'acqua, ecc.): We played a searchlight on the building, abbiamo illuminato l'edificio con una fotoelettrica

14 ( dei muscoli) guizzare ( sotto la pelle)

15 ( pesca) dare filo a ( un pesce che ha abboccato) per stancarlo

16 (fam.) stare al gioco

17 ( slang USA) avere successo; essere apprezzato

● ( sport) to play at home [away], giocare in casa [in trasferta] □ ( calcio, ecc.) to play a ball, calciare una palla □ to play ball, ( sport) dare il calcio d'inizio (o di ripresa); (fig.) fare la propria parte; non tirarsi indietro (fig.): (fam.) to play ball with sb., collaborare con q.; dare una mano a q. □ to play one's cards close to one's chest, tenersi le carte strette al petto ( giocando); (fig.) tenere nascoste le proprie mosse □ to play dead, fare finta d'essere morto, fare il morto; (fig.) restare indifferente, fare finta di niente □ to play the devil, fare il diavolo a quattro □ ( slang) to play dirty, fare il gioco sporco □ to play fair, giocare lealmente; (fig.) giocare a carte scoperte, comportarsi in modo leale □ to play sb. false, tradire q.; ingannare q. □ (fig.) to play first fiddle, avere una parte di primo piano; avere molta voce in capitolo □ to play a fish, stancare un pesce dandogli corda e poi tirando la lenza □ to play sb. like a fish, giocare con q. come il gatto con il topo □ to play the fool, fare lo stupido □ (teatr., mus., sport) to play for the first time, esordire; giocare (o recitare, suonare) per la prima volta □ to play for heavy stakes, giocare forte, d'azzardo □ to play for safety, stare sul sicuro; ( sport) tirare a «fare risultato» ( accontentandosi di un pareggio) □ to play for sympathy, cercare di accattivarsi la simpatia □ to play for time, cercare di guadagnare tempo, temporeggiare; ( sport) fare melina □ to play foul, ( sport) fare falli, essere falloso; (fig.) barare; essere sleale □ to play the game, stare alle regole del gioco; (fig.) esser leale, onesto □ (fig.) to play sb. 's game, stare al gioco di q. □ (fam.) to play games with sb. [st.], farsi gioco di q. [giocare (o giocherellare) con qc.] □ to play God, fare il padreterno □ to play high, giocar forte; fare forti puntate □ (fam.) to play the horses, giocare alle corse ( di cavalli) □ (fig.) to play into sb. 's hands, fare il gioco di q. □ to play oneself into a new job, fare l'abitudine (fam.: l'osso) a un lavoro nuovo □ (fam.) to play it cool, mantenere la calma □ to play it for real, fare sul serio □ ( calcio) to play the long ball, verticalizzare; dare profondità al gioco □ to play low, giocare in modo prudente; fare puntate basse □ ( Borsa, fin.) to play the market, speculare (o giocare) in Borsa □ ( sport) to play out of one's skin, giocare da dio □ to play safe, tenersi dalla parte del sicuro; non voler correre rischi □ (fig.) to play second fiddle (o second lead), fare il comprimario; avere una parte secondaria (o di secondo piano) □ ( sport) to play a team at home, ospitare una squadra □ (teatr.) to play to a full house, recitare a teatro esaurito □ to play to the gallery, (teatr.) recitare per il loggione; (fig.) cercare una popolarità a buon mercato □ to play truant, marinare la scuola □ to play a waiting game, ( sport) fare melina; (fig.) tirarla per le lunghe; stare a vedere come si mettono le cose □ (equit.) to play with horses ( on the ground), far lavorare (o esercitare) i cavalli (a terra) □ (eufem.) to play with oneself, masturbarsi.

SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour

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The youngest of nine children, Shrapnel was commissioned into the Royal Artillery in July 1779. His early military service was in Newfoundland and it was on his return to England in 1784 that he began to interest himself in artillery ammunition. His particular concern was to develop a round that would be more effective against infantry than the existing solid cannon-ball and canister round. The result was a hollow, spherical shell filled with lead musket balls and fitted with a bursting charge and fuse. His development of the shell was interrupted by active service in the Low Countries in 1793–4, during which he was wounded, and duty in the West Indies. Nevertheless, in 1803 the British Army adopted his shell, which during the next twelve years played a significant part on the battlefield.

In 1804 Shrapnel was appointed Assistant Inspector of Artillery and made further contributions to the science of gunnery, drawing up a series of range tables to improve accuracy of fire, inventing the brass tangent slide for better sighting of guns, and improving the production of howitzers and mortars by way of the invention of parabolic chambers. His services were recognized in 1814 by a Treasury grant of £1,200 per annum for life. He was promoted Major-General in 1819 and appointed a Colonel-Commandant of the Royal Artillery in 1827, and in the 1830s there was talk of him being made a baronet, but nothing came of it. Shrapnel remains a current military term, although modern bursting shells rely on the fragmentation of the casing of the projectile for their effect rather than his original concept of having shot inside them.

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